Open Science

Data may be kept closed if: • Providing open access is against the beneficiary's legitimate interests, including regarding commercial exploitation • Contrary to any other constrains, such as data protection rules, privacy, confidentiality, trade secrets, Union competitive interests, security rules, intellectual property rights or would be against other obligations under the Grant Agreement Under Horizon Europe there are some mandatory and recommended Open Science practices. *Mandatory in all calls: Model Grant Agreement or call requirement; all the rest recommended Source: Shana Impens (8 November 2023). Open Science in Horizon Europe Coordinator's Info Day, Open_Science_CoordinatorsDay_DN_2022.mp4(https://universiteittwente.sharepoint.com/:v:/r/sites/MSCADigitalFinance2/Gedeelde%20documenten/WP8%20Project%20Management/02%20-%20Meetings/2023.11.08%20EU%20InfoSessions/Open_Science_CoordinatorsDay_DN_2022.mp4?csf=1&web=1&e=tLTysL&nav=eyJyZWZlcnJhbEluZm8iOnsicmVmZXJyYWxBcHAiOiJTdHJlYW1XZWJBcHAiLCJyZWZlcnJhbFZpZXciOiJTaGFyZURpYWxvZy1MaW5rIiwicmVmZXJyYWxBcHBQbGF0Zm9ybSI6IldlYiIsInJlZmVycmFsTW9kZSI6InZpZXcifX0%3D)

This answer focusses specifically on how Open Data relates to interest protected under intellectual property (IP) rights. Data itself is not protected by copyright. However, once arranged as a database (legally defined as a collection of independent works, data or other materials arranged in a systematic or methodical way and individually accessible by electronic or other means) the content is protected by copyright and 'sui generis' right. According to the regulation 2021/695 (establishing Horizon Europe) article 8, exceptions to providing open data/open access are possible: [...]. Provisions should be laid down to ensure that beneficiaries provide open access to peer-reviewed scientific publications. Likewise, it should be ensured that beneficiaries provide open access to research data following the principle 'as open as possible, as closed as necessary', while ensuring the possibility of exceptions taking into account the legitimate interests of the beneficiaries. More emphasis should in particular be given to the responsible management of research data, which should comply with the principles of 'findability', 'accessibility', 'interoperability' and 'reusability' (the 'FAIR principles'), in particular through the mainstreaming of data management plans. Where appropriate, beneficiaries should make use of the possibilities offered by the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) and the European Data Infrastructure and adhere to further open science principles and practices. Reciprocity in open science should be encouraged in all association and cooperation agreements with third countries Consequently, the FAIR principle might sometimes conflict with the interests of a legal person protected by intellectual property rights. To address this, various degrees of data openness can be implemented. An example are the creative commons (CC) licences, where you have multiple licenses allowing the owner to control the openness; The interest of a company can be protected by for example only licensing under non-commercial use (NC). For more information: • Open Science and Intellectual Property Rights (openscience-ipr.eu)(https://openscience-ipr.eu/) • Publications Office (europa.eu)(https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021R0695) • About CC Licenses - Creative Commons(https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/cclicenses/)

• A repository: European Open Science Cloud EU Node (https://open-science-cloud.ec.europa.eu/) • A publication platform: Open Research Europe (https://open-research-europe.ec.europa.eu/)

There are two key impact pathways to measure impact the impact a program has within Open Science. The 'Fostering diffusion of knowledge and open science' pathway is related to scientific impact and the 'Strengthening the uptake of R&I in society' pathway is related to societal impact.

A list of resources related to Open Science: • An overview poster of Open Science within the Horizon Europe initiative(https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=9570017e-cd82-11eb-ac72-01aa75ed71a1&format=pdf&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=) • OA3: FAIR Assessment & Alignment - EOSC Association(https://eosc.eu/oa3-fair-assessment-alignment/) • Recommendations on FAIR metrics for digital objects within EOSC (https://op.europa.eu/o/opportal-service/download-handler?identifier=ced147c9-53c0-11eb-b59f-01aa75ed71a1&format=pdf&language=en&productionSystem=cellar&part=) • A video about Open Science(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7QBuZHC23k&t=10634s)